Composite Material or Composit

Any material made from at least two discrete substances, such as concrete. Many materials are produced as composites, such as the fiberglass-reinforced plastics used for automobile bodies and boat hulls, but the term usually is used to describe any of various modern industrially manufactured composites, such as carbon fiber–reinforced plastics. Composite materials allow a blending of properties of the separate components.

Carbon fiber–reinforced plastics combine the high strength and stiffness of the fiber with the low weight and resistance to fracture of the polymeric matrix. Glass, wood, and other kinds of fibers are also used, and the fibers may be layered or woven. Other modern composites include wood fiber or chunks in a concrete matrix and silicon carbide, a ceramic, in a titanium matrix.

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Polymer Composites in Construction

About 30% of all polymers produced each year are used in the civil engineering and building industries. Polymers offer many advantages over conventional materials including lightness, resilience to corrosion and ease of processing. They can be combined with fibres to form composites which have enhanced properties, enabling them to be used as structural members and units. Polymer composites can be used in many different forms ranging from structural composites in the construction industry to the high technology composites of the aerospace and space satellite industries.Polymer composites were first developed during the 1940’s, for military and aerospace applications. Considerable advances have been made since then in the use of this material and applications developed in the construction sector. Load bearing and infill panels have been manufactured using composites. Complete structures have been fabricated where units manufactured from glass-reinforced polyester are connected together to form the complete system in which the shape provides the rigidity. Glass-reinforced plastics have been used in many other applications including pressure pipes, tank liners, and roofs.In contrast to the design procedures used for the more traditional construction materials, those for polymer composite materials in structural applications require greater development effort and a wider understanding of the material. The material properties of the final component are the result of a design process that considers many factors which are characterised by the anisotropic behaviour of the material and cover the micro-mechanical, elasticity, strength and stability properties. These properties are influenced by manufacturing techniques, environmental exposure and loading histories. Designing with composites is thus an interactive process between the design of the constituent materials used, the design of the composite material and an understanding of the manufacturing technique for the composite component.In the last decade, polymer composites have found application in the construction sector in areas such as bridge repair, bridge design, mooring cables, structural strengthening and stand-alone components.

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